Perfume | kiez3b79ju
Perfume or fragrance is a blend of aromatic essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces "a pleasant scent.The odoriferous compounds that make up a perfume can be manufactured synthetically or extracted from plant or animal sources.
Perfumes have been known to exist in some of the earliest human civilizations either through ancient texts or from archaeological digs. Modern perfumery began in the 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aromatic compounds daniel rosser such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics alone.
The word perfume used today derives from the Latin for fumum, meaning "through smoke". Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia daniel rosser and Egypt and was perfected by the Romans and Persians.
The world's first recorded chemist is considered a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform daniel rosser tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers-installed, oil and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the face several times.
In 2005, archaeologists discovered what is believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years. The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery. At least 60 frames, bowls, funnels and perfume bottles found in 43,000 daniel rosser square feet (4,000 m2) factory. In ancient times people used herbs and spices, as
Arab chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote a book about the ninth century perfumes called Book of Perfume Chemistry and Distillation. It contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations daniel rosser of costly drugs. The book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making and perfume making equipment, such as the alembic (which still bears its Arabic name).
The Persian chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most commonly daniel rosser used today. The first experimented with the rose. Until his discovery, liquid daniel rosser perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong blend. The rose water is more delicate, and immediately became popular. Both the raw materials and technology distillation significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments, particularly daniel rosser chemistry.
The art of perfumery was known in western Europe in December 1221, if we consider the monks' recipes of Santa Maria delle Vigne or Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy. To the east, the Hungarians produced in 1370 a perfume daniel rosser of spices mixed in an alcohol solution at the command of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, best known as Hungary Water. The art of perfumery daniel rosser prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de Medici personal perfumer, Rene the Florentine (Renato il Fiorentino). His laboratory was connected with room for a secret passageway, so that no formulas could be stolen on the way. Thanks to Rene, France quickly became one of the European centers of perfume and cosmetic manufacture. The cultivation of flowers for their perfume daniel rosser essence, which had begun in the 14th century, became an important industry in southern France. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing. Partly due to this patronage, the perfumery industry was created. In Germany, the Italian barber Giovanni Paolo feminist created a perfume water called Aqua admirabilis, now known as eau de cologne, while his nephew Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1732 took over the business. In the 18th century, aromatic plants were cultivated in the region of Grasse in France, Sicily and Calabria, Italy to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials. Even today, Italy and France remain the center of the European perfume design and trade.
Type of perfume reflect the concentration of aromatic compounds in a solvent, daniel rosser which is typically in fine perfumery daniel rosser ethanol or a mixture daniel rosser of water and ethanol. Various sources differ considerably in the definitions of the types of perfume. The intensity and longevity of a perfume is based on the conc
Perfume or fragrance is a blend of aromatic essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces "a pleasant scent.The odoriferous compounds that make up a perfume can be manufactured synthetically or extracted from plant or animal sources.
Perfumes have been known to exist in some of the earliest human civilizations either through ancient texts or from archaeological digs. Modern perfumery began in the 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aromatic compounds daniel rosser such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics alone.
The word perfume used today derives from the Latin for fumum, meaning "through smoke". Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia daniel rosser and Egypt and was perfected by the Romans and Persians.
The world's first recorded chemist is considered a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform daniel rosser tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers-installed, oil and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the face several times.
In 2005, archaeologists discovered what is believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years. The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery. At least 60 frames, bowls, funnels and perfume bottles found in 43,000 daniel rosser square feet (4,000 m2) factory. In ancient times people used herbs and spices, as
Arab chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote a book about the ninth century perfumes called Book of Perfume Chemistry and Distillation. It contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations daniel rosser of costly drugs. The book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making and perfume making equipment, such as the alembic (which still bears its Arabic name).
The Persian chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most commonly daniel rosser used today. The first experimented with the rose. Until his discovery, liquid daniel rosser perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong blend. The rose water is more delicate, and immediately became popular. Both the raw materials and technology distillation significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments, particularly daniel rosser chemistry.
The art of perfumery was known in western Europe in December 1221, if we consider the monks' recipes of Santa Maria delle Vigne or Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy. To the east, the Hungarians produced in 1370 a perfume daniel rosser of spices mixed in an alcohol solution at the command of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, best known as Hungary Water. The art of perfumery daniel rosser prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de Medici personal perfumer, Rene the Florentine (Renato il Fiorentino). His laboratory was connected with room for a secret passageway, so that no formulas could be stolen on the way. Thanks to Rene, France quickly became one of the European centers of perfume and cosmetic manufacture. The cultivation of flowers for their perfume daniel rosser essence, which had begun in the 14th century, became an important industry in southern France. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing. Partly due to this patronage, the perfumery industry was created. In Germany, the Italian barber Giovanni Paolo feminist created a perfume water called Aqua admirabilis, now known as eau de cologne, while his nephew Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1732 took over the business. In the 18th century, aromatic plants were cultivated in the region of Grasse in France, Sicily and Calabria, Italy to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials. Even today, Italy and France remain the center of the European perfume design and trade.
Type of perfume reflect the concentration of aromatic compounds in a solvent, daniel rosser which is typically in fine perfumery daniel rosser ethanol or a mixture daniel rosser of water and ethanol. Various sources differ considerably in the definitions of the types of perfume. The intensity and longevity of a perfume is based on the conc
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